Table 2.
Cumulative Proportions of Newly Medicaid-Enrolled Children Ages 3–14 in Iowa with a First Dental Visit at Specified Time Intervals after Enrollment in Medicaid in 2005 (N=10,270)
| Outcome: Proportion with Any Dental Visit* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable/Strata | N | 6 months | 12 months | 24 months | 36 months | 48 months | p-Value for Comparisonacross Strata† |
| All children | 10,270 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.70 | 0.78 | NA |
| Main independent variables | |||||||
| Chronic condition status | p<.0001 | ||||||
| Yes | 1,355 | 0.36 | 0.52 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.82 | |
| No | 8,915 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.77 | |
| Chronic condition severity | p=.25 | ||||||
| Less severe chronic condition | 993 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.81 | |
| More severe chronic condition | 362 | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.78 | 0.85 | |
| Ascribed factors | |||||||
| Age (years) | p=.07 | ||||||
| 3–7 | 5,002 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.78 | |
| 8–12 | 3,821 | 0.33 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.78 | |
| 13–14 | 1,447 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.57 | 0.68 | 0.77 | |
| Sex | p<.05 | ||||||
| Female | 5,025 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.62 | 0.72 | 0.78 | |
| Male | 5,245 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.77 | |
| Race/ethnicity | p<.0001 | ||||||
| White | 5,152 | 0.33 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.73 | 0.80 | |
| Black | 612 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.70 | |
| Other | 1,380 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.75 | |
| Unknown or missing | 3,126 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.77 | |
| Medicaid eligibility program | p<.0001 | ||||||
| Temporary assistance to needy families | 9,608 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.70 | 0.78 | |
| Supplemental security income | 125 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 0.72 | |
| Foster care | 448 | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.80 | |
| Institutionalization | 65 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.58 | |
| Home and community-based waiver program | 19 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.51 | |
| Total length of Medicaid enrollment 2005–2008 (months) | NA‡ | ||||||
| 6 | 178 | 0.26 | — | — | — | — | |
| 7–12 | 1,840 | 0.32 | 0.41 | — | - | — | |
| 13–24 | 2,167 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.53 | — | — | |
| 25–36 | 1,898 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.59 | 0.69 | — | |
| 37 or more | 4,187 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.81 | |
| Proximal factor | |||||||
| Child used primary medical care in 2005 | p<.0001 | ||||||
| Yes | 7,845 | 0.33 | 0.49 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.81 | |
| No | 2,425 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.52 | 0.61 | 0.68 | |
| Immediate factors | |||||||
| At least one Medicaid-enrolled sibling in the household | p<.05 | ||||||
| Yes | 1,907 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.79 | |
| No | 8,363 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.78 | |
| At least one Medicaid-enrolled adult in the household | p=.48 | ||||||
| Yes | 1,263 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.78 | |
| No | 9,007 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.77 | |
| Intermediate factor | |||||||
| Rurality of child's county of residence | p<.05 | ||||||
| Metropolitan | 5,557 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.62 | 0.71 | 0.78 | |
| Urban adjacent to metropolitan | 2,060 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.77 | |
| Urban nonadjacent to metropolitan | 2,030 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.68 | 0.77 | |
| Rural | 618 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.93 | |
| Distal factor | |||||||
| Lives in a dental health professional shortage area | p<.05 | ||||||
| Yes | 6,552 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.77 | |
| No | 3,718 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.79 | |
*
From Kaplan–Meier curves (adjusted for censored data).
†
Univariate log rank test results for each covariate (unadjusted for other covariates).
‡
Significance testing not reported because of temporality-related issues (explained in the Analyses subsection of the “Methods” section).