Table 1.
Summary of the studies of cardiovascular disorders (CVD) and migraine.
| Study | Population (age at entry) | N | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migraine with aura | Migraine without aura | |||
| ISCHEMIC STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA) | ||||
| Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (Stang et al., 2005) | Both sexes (45–64) | 12,750 | An association with stroke symptoms, TIA symptoms, and verified ischemic stroke events | Increased risk of stroke symptoms |
| Women's Health Study (Kurth et al., 2005) | Women (≥45) | 39,717 | An association with ischemic stroke | No association with ischemic stroke |
| Women's Health Study (Kurth et al., 2006) | Women (≥45) | 27,840 | An association with ischemic stroke | No association with ischemic stroke |
| Women's Health Study (Kurth et al., 2008) | Women (≥45) | 27,519 | An association with ischemic stroke only in the low Framingham risk score group | No association with ischemic stroke in any of the Framingham risk score groups |
| Physicians’ Health Study (Kurth et al., 2007) | Men (40–84) | 20,084 | The age-adjusted HR of ischemic stroke was increased in men with migraine younger than 55 years | |
| American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study (Bigal et al., 2010) | Both sexes (≥45) | 11,345 (6102 migraine and 5243 controls) | An association with CVD and risk factors for CVD | An association with CVD and of risk factors for CVD |
| SUB-CLINICAL CEREBRAL LESIONS | ||||
| Cerebral Abnormalities in Migraine, an Epidemiological Risk Analysis (CAMERA) study (Kruit et al., 2004) | Both sexes (30–60) | 161 migraine with aura, 134 migraine without aura, 140 controls | An association with the posterior circulation territory infarcts | No association with the posterior circulation infarcts |
| AGES-Reykjavik Study (Scher et al., 2009) | Both sexes (33–65) | 4,689 | An association with cerebellar infarct-like lesions in women, but not men | No association with cerebellar infarct-like lesions |
| CORONARY HEART DISEASE | ||||
| Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (Rose et al., 2004) | Both sexes (45–64) | 12,409 | Rose angina was more frequent in migraine patients, and the associations were stronger for migraine with aura. The risk of coronary heart disease did not increase in migraine patients | |
| Women's Health Study (Kurth et al., 2006) | Women (≥45) | 27,840 | An association with myocardial infarction, angina, and coronary revascularization | No association with myocardial infarction, angina, and coronary revascularization |
| Physicians’ Health Study (Kurth et al., 2007) | Men (40–84) | 20,084 | Men with migraine were driven by 42% increase in the risk of myocardial infarction, and 24% increased risk for major CVD after adjusted cardiovascular risk factors | |
| American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study (Bigal et al., 2010) | Both sexes (≥45) | 11,345 (6102 migraine and 5243 controls) | An association with myocardial infarction | An association with myocardial infarction |