Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 23.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2010 Oct 15;127(8):1866–1874. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25190

Table 3.

Gastric cancer risk and global hypomethylation by risk factors

Cases
Controls
Alu
LINE-1
No. % No. % OR1 95% CI OR1 95% CI
Age group2

≤61 113 37.4 152 36.1 0.7 0.3–.3 1.2 0.6–2.4

62–69 99 32.8 139 33.0 1.1 0.5–2.1 1.8 0.9–3.7

≥70 90 29.8 130 30.9 2.6 1.3–5.5 0.8 0.4–1.7

Gender

Male 200 66.2 272 64.6 1.1 0.7–1.8 1.3 0.8–2.1

Female 102 33.8 149 35.4 1.3 0.7–2.5 1.1 0.5–2.2

Education levels

≤High school 143 47.3 156 37.1 1.5 0.8–2.8 0.9 0.5–1.7

Some college 102 33.8 145 34.4 1.3 0.7–2.6 1.7 0.8–3.33

≥College 57 18.9 120 28.5 0.6 0.3–1.5 1.2 0.6–2.8

Family history of gastric cancer3

No 177 61.0 276 66.7 1.3 0.8–2.2 0.9 0.5–1.4

Gastric cancer 36 12.4 18 4.3 0.4 0.8–2.1 0.4 0.1–2.3

Other 77 26.6 120 29.0 1.2 0.6–2.4 3.1 1.4–7.0

H. pylori infection status4

Negative 51 16.9 64 15.2 2.5 0.8–7.8 1.0 0.4–2.5

Positive 251 83.1 356 84.8 1.0 0.7–1.6 1.3 0.8–2.0

Current alcohol drinking5

No 202 68.5 200 47.5 1.3 0.8–2.1 0.9 0.5–1.4

Current drinker 93 31.5 221 52.5 1.0 0.6–2.0 1.9 1.0–3.6

Current smoking6

No 177 59.0 303 72.0 1.1 0.7–1.8 0.9 0.5–1.4

Yes 123 41.0 118 28.0 1.3 0.7–2.6 2.3 1.1–4.6

Age smoking started

Never 87 29.1 169 40.2 0.9 0.5–1.9 1.0 0.5–2.1

20–73 86 28.9 129 30.6 1.8 0.8–3.8 0.9 0.4–1.8

11–19 125 42.0 123 29.2 1.0 0.6–1.9 2.3 1.1–4.5

Pack-years of smoking

0 87 29.1 169 40.3 1.0 0.5–1.9 1.0 0.5–2.1

0.1–30 90 30.1 132 31.4 0.9 0.4–1.9 1.1 0.5–2.2

>30–162 122 40.8 119 28.3 1.7 0.9–3.4 1.7 0.9–3.4

Fruit intake7

Daily/weekly 131 46.0 203 48.4 1.2 0.7–2.2 0.7 0.4–1.3

Several times/month 102 35.8 140 33.3 1.0 0.5–2.0 1.3 0.7–2.5

Rarely/never 52 18.2 77 18.3 1.4 0.5–3.8 3.1 1.2–8.1

Vegetables intake

Daily/weekly 141 49.3 251 60.2 1.2 0.7–2.0 0.9 0.5–1.5

Several times/month 110 38.5 126 30.2 1.1 0.5–2.3 1.4 0.7–2.7

Rarely/never 35 12.2 40 9.6 1.9 0.6–6.1 3.7 1.0–12.9

Dietary folate intake (tertile) (μg/day)

93.2–268.1 67 26.3 134 32.9 1.5 0.7–3.2 1.2 0.6–2.7

268.2–342.4 86 33.9 135 33.2 1.1 0.5–2.2 1.6 0.8–3.2

342.5–678.5 101 39.8 138 33.9 1.0 0.5–2.0 1.3 0.6–2.6

Dietary vitamin B6 intake (tertile) (μg/day)

≤0.6 96 37.8 134 32.9 1.4 0.6–2.8 1.1 0.5–2.4

>0.6–0.7 87 34.2 135 33.2 0.8 0.4–1.7 1.0 0.5–2.1

>0.7 71 28.0 138 33.9 1.3 0.7–2.6 2.1 1.0–4.3

Total protein intake (tertile) (g/day)

≤91.8 74 29.1 134 32.9 0.8 0.4–1.8 1.4 0.6–3.0

91.9–119.6 94 37.0 135 33.2 1.9 1.0–3.8 1.4 0.7–2.7

>119.6 86 33.9 138 33.9 0.7 0.3–1.5 1.2 0.6–2.6
1

Odds ratio and 95% CI estimated from models including Alu or LINE-1 methylation as a continuous variable, adjusted for age, sex, educational level, smoking (never, former and current, or pack-year) and alcohol (nondrinker, former drinker or current drinker). The ORs and 95% CIs are scaled to express the risk increase associated with a decrease from the 90th to the 10th centile in Alu or LINE-1 DNA methylation.

2

p for interaction for Alu = 0.02.

3

p for interaction for LINE-1 = 0.01.

4

Negative, tested negative for both IgG antibodies to H. pylori and cagA; positive, tested positive for either IgG antibodies to H. pylori or cagA antibody, or both.

5

p for interaction for LINE-1 = 0.05.

6

p for interaction for LINE-1 = 0.02.

7

p for interaction for LINE-1 = 0.03.