Table 1.
Baseline Differences
| Control (n = 77) |
Intervention (n = 79) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||
| Child characteristics | ||
| Age, Mean (SD) | 10.4 (0.9) | 10.4 (0.9) |
| Male, No. (%) | 38 (49) | 41 (52) |
| Hispanic, No. (%) | 43 (56) | 35 (44) |
| African American, No. (%) | 19 (25) | 27 (34) |
| Caucasian, No. (%) | 34 (44) | 33 (42) |
| IQ scores, Mean (SD) | 94.0 (12.5) | 98.3 (12.8)* |
| Maternal characteristics | ||
| Controlled substance use history, No. (%) | 45 (58) | 56 (72) |
| Criminal history, No. (%) | 34 (44) | 51 (65)* |
| Mental illness, No. (%) | 29 (38) | 31 (39) |
| Maltreatment history, No. (%) | 15 (20) | 19 (24) |
| Maltreatment characteristics | ||
| Family referrals to social services, Mean (SD) | 3.2 (3.4) | 4.2 (4.8) |
| Length of time in foster care, Mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.3) |
| Physical abuse, No. (%) | 19 (25) | 31 (39)* |
| Sexual abuse, No. (%) | 11 (14) | 7 (9) |
| Failure to provide neglect, No. (%) | 40 (52) | 37 (47) |
| Lack of supervision neglect, No. (%) | 57 (74) | 61 (77) |
| Emotional abuse, No. (%) | 51 (66) | 45 (57) |
| Moral neglect (exposure to illegal activity), No. (%) | 21 (27) | 32 (40) t |
| Outcome measures | ||
| Primary variables | ||
| Mental health factor score, multi-informant, Mean (SD) | .03 (1.0) | −.03 (1.0) |
| Posttraumatic symptoms, youth report, t score, Mean (SD) | 48.0 (9.5) | 47.7 (9.1) |
| Dissociation symptoms, youth report, t score, Mean (SD) | 48.5 (9.7) | 48.7 (9.5) |
| Quality of life, youth report, Mean (SD) | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.7 (0.3) |
| Received MH therapy ever, youth report, No. (%) | 55 (71) | 56 (71) |
| Received MH therapy past month, caregiver report, No. (%) | 47 (64) | 50 (63) |
| Medication for MH problems ever, youth report, No. (%) | 11 (14) | 13 (17) |
| Medication for MH problems past month, caregiver report, No. (%) | 9 (12) | 9 (11) |
| Secondary variables | ||
| Positive coping, youth report, Mean (SD) | 1.9 (0.4) | 2.0 (0.4)t |
| Negative coping, youth report, Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) |
| Global self-worth, youth report, Mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) |
| Social acceptance, youth report, Mean (SD) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.8) |
| Social support factor score, youth report, Mean (SD) | −0.14(1.0) | 0.13(1.0)t |
Abbreviations: MH, mental health; SD, standard deviation; No., number
*
p < .05
t
p < .10