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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2010 Apr 16;184(10):5519–5526. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903942

Figure 1. Gut homing CCR9+α4β7+ Th17 cells are induced in the presence of physiological concentrations of RA.

Figure 1

(A) Naïve T cells were cultured in a Th17 cell induction condition for 7 days at indicated concentrations of RA. (B) Expression of gut homing receptors (CCR9 and α4β7) by Th17 cells was examined. (C) The chemotactic ability of RA Th17 cells and control Th17 cells to CCL25 and CCL19. (D) Twenty hour short-term homing capacity of RA Th17 cells and control Th17 cells was compared in C57BL/6 mice. The Th17 cells were injected i.v. Homing index of RA Th17 cells is shown as % of control Th17 cells. *A significant increase in migration of RA Th17 cells over control Th17 cells. (E) Migration of RA Th17 cells is shown as % distribution among the indicated organs. *Significant differences from control Th17 cells. (F) In situ visualization of the RA Th17 cells and control Th17 cells migrated into indicated organs. All experiments were performed at least 3 times and combined (A-E) or representative data (F) are shown. Averages and SEM are shown in the combined data.