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. 2010 Oct 11;588(Pt 23):4825–4836. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.195941

Table 1.

Chemoreflex stimuli, integrated sympathetic activity responses, and cardiovascular consequences of breath-holding

Pre-breath-hold End breath-hold
HbSat (%) 99 ± 1 80 ± 11*
Inline graphic (Torr) 37.5 ± 4.5 51.0 ± 3.0†
pH 7.44 ± 0.05 7.34 ± 0.04†
Burst size (V) 0.24 ± 0.04 1.34 ± 0.38*
HR (bpm) 65 ± 10 60 ± 9
MAP (mmHg) 102 ± 21 134 ± 13†
Inline graphic (l min−1) 7.3 ± 2.1 6.8 ± 1.8
TPR (mmHg l−1 min−1) 11.8 ± 1.7 20.8 ± 6.3*

Values expressed as means ±s.d. HbSat, arterial haemoglobin saturation; Inline graphic, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; Inline graphic, cardiac output; TPR, total peripheral resistance.

†

Significantly difference from pre-breath-holding, P < 0.001;

*

significantly different from pre-breath-holding, P < 0.05.