Table 1.

Comparison major depression (MD) criteria symptoms

Response variable	n		A1 Depressed mood	A2 Loss of interest	A3 Appetite/ Weight	A4 Sleep	A5 Psychomotor Agitation/ Retardation	A6 Fatigue	A7 Worhtlessness/ Guilt	A8 Trouble concentrating	A9 Suicidal ideation
Co-morbidities lifetime
General anxiety disorder (last year)	1015	OR	1.11	0.80	0.95	0.95	2.02***	0.72	0.79	1.15	1.11
BL		CI	0.23–5.34	0.44–1.44	0.59–1.51	0.58–1.56	1.19–3.45	0.46–1.12	0.52–1.20	0.75–1.76	0.70–1.75
Panic (broad)	859	OR	1.20	1.17	0.79	0.66*	1.45	0.93	1.10	0.92	1.28
BL		CI	0.27–5.38	0.60–2.26	0.51–1.23	0.41–1.06	0.85–2.49	0.59–1.49	0.72–1.67	0.61–1.40	0.84–1.94
Panic disorder	859	OR	xxx	0.58	0.69	0.60	1.10	1.08	1.46	0.73	2.02**
BL		CI		0.22–1.50	0.33–1.44	0.28–1.27	0.45–2.67	0.48–2.46	0.71–3.00	0.37–1.45	1.04–3.95
Any phobia	881	OR	1.19	0.76	1.00	0.76	1.30	0.97	1.35*	0.75*	1.18
BL		CI	0.45–3.13	0.49–1.17	0.72–1.39	0.53–1.08	0.91–1.86	0.70–1.35	1.00–1.84	0.55–1.02	0.85–1.65
Alcohol dependence	880	OR	1.85	0.97	0.81	0.83	0.98	0.98	1.48**	0.87	1.07
BL		CI	0.64–5.33	0.61–1.55	0.58–1.15	0.57–1.20	0.67–1.44	0.69–1.40	1.06–2.06	0.63–1.20	0.76–1.52
Nicotine dependence	558	OR	3.54	1.03	0.90	0.72	1.35	0.62**	1.60**	0.76	1.25
BL		CI	0.71–17.62	0.57–1.83	0.59–1.39	0.46–1.14	0.85–2.15	0.40–0.96	1.07–2.38	0.51–1.13	0.83–1.90
Any illicit drug dependence	844	OR	1.81	0.91	0.54***	0.89	1.22	0.76	1.21	1.02	1.72**
BL		CI	0.40–8.09	0.48–1.75	0.34–0.86	0.53–1.50	0.71–2.10	0.48–1.22	0.76–1.92	0.65–1.59	1.10–2.70
Adult antisocial personality trait	753	OR	1.35	1.01	0.58**	0.91	1.01	0.64*	1.18	1.06	1.97***
BL		CI	0.37–4.86	0.54–1.90	0.37–0.91	0.55–1.50	0.60–1.69	0.41–1.01	0.76–1.84	0.69–1.64	1.29–3.02
Personality traits
Higher neuroticism score	977	OR	1.37	0.72*	0.67***	0.66***	0.93	1.08	2.06‡	0.77*	1.48***
CL		CI	0.56–3.34	0.50–1.05	0.51–0.90	0.49–0.90	0.68–1.26	0.82–1.43	1.58–2.69	0.59–1.01	1.11–1.98
Higher extraversion score	977	OR	0.72	1.15	1.16	1.21	1.11	1.02	0.67***	1.25*	0.77*
CL		CI	0.31–1.67	0.81–1.65	0.89–1.52	0.90–1.61	0.83–1.48	0.78–1.33	0.52–0.87	0.97–1.60	0.59–1.01
Characteristics of index episode
Anxiety symptoms co-occurring	992	OR	0.73	0.79	0.48***	1.38	2.04†	0.71	1.37	1.03	0.79
BL		CI	0.21–2.62	0.45–1.39	0.30–0.77	0.89–2.12	1.33–3.11	0.46–1.10	0.91–2.06	0.68–1.55	0.48–1.29
Duration depressive episode in weeks	1015	OR	0.78	0.66	0.92	0.73	0.77	0.66**	1.27	1.03	2.13‡
CL		CI	0.21–2.88	0.38–1.15	0.61–1.40	0.48–1.13	0.48–1.22	0.44–0.98	0.86–1.88	0.70–1.51	1.47–3.09
Chronic MD (duration ≥12 months)	1015	OR	0.61	0.62	0.98	0.76	0.80	0.64**	1.27	1.03	2.06†
BL		CI	0.17–2.23	0.34–1.10	0.63–1.54	0.48–1.20	0.49–1.33	0.42–0.98	0.84–1.93	0.69–1.56	1.39–3.06
Something happened before episode	1015	OR	0.80	1.88**	1.52*	1.16	0.97	0.69	1.13	1.33	0.42‡
BL		CI	0.18–3.56	1.07–3.30	0.97–2.38	0.70–1.90	0.57–1.63	0.42–1.13	0.73–1.75	0.86–2.05	0.28–0.65
Seeking help	1014	OR	4.18*	0.77	1.01	0.98	0.72*	0.76*	1.16	0.83	1.91‡
BL		CI	0.95–18.34	0.51–1.18	0.74–1.39	0.70–1.38	0.51–1.01	0.56–1.04	0.86–1.56	0.61–1.11	1.39–2.61
Prior depression history
Number of episodes at 1st interview	715	OR	0.72	1.07	0.92	0.90	1.00	1.19	1.06	0.98	0.96
CL		CI	0.26–1.98	0.68–1.67	0.67–1.27	0.64–1.26	0.70–1.43	0.87–1.64	0.78–1.42	0.72–1.32	0.70–1.32
Age of first onset of MD	719	OR	0.65	0.82	0.85	1.72**	1.06	0.92	0.92	1.12	0.87
CL		CI	0.18–2.26	0.48–1.38	0.58–1.23	1.13–2.62	0.68–1.63	0.63–1.34	0.65–1.31	0.78–1.61	0.59–1.28
Demographic characteristics at index episode
Age (being older)	1015	OR	5.49***	1.14	0.94	0.75*	1.45**	1.05	0.78*	0.89	1.12
CL		CI	1.98–15.28	0.79–1.65	0.71–1.23	0.56–1.01	1.08–1.96	0.80–1.39	0.60–1.01	0.68–1.15	0.85–1.49
Sex (being female)	1015	OR	3.46**	1.05	1.55***	1.05	0.71**	1.48**	0.85	0.79*	0.75*
BL		CI	1.24–9.68	0.70–1.57	1.14–2.10	0.76–1.45	0.51–0.98	1.10–2.00	0.64–1.12	0.59–1.04	0.55–1.02
Married or living with partner	1015	OR	0.45*	0.84	1.04	0.82	1.27	1.08	1.03	0.87	1.19
BL		CI	0.17–1.15	0.56–1.28	0.76–1.41	0.59–1.14	0.91–1.76	0.80–1.47	0.77–1.37	0.65–1.16	0.87–1.64
More school years	1015	OR	0.78	1.21	1.02	1.40**	0.71**	1.32**	0.96	1.01	0.71**
CL		CI	0.33–1.86	0.83–1.77	0.77–1.36	1.04–1.89	0.52–0.97	1.00–1.75	0.73–1.25	0.77–1.31	0.53–0.94
Higher family income	1015	OR	0.25***	1.03	0.81	1.33*	0.96	1.25	0.88	1.33**	0.75
CL		CI	0.09–0.66	0.71–1.50	0.61–1.07	0.98–1.77	0.71–1.30	0.95–1.64	0.68–1.14	1.03–1.73	0.57–1.00
Other validators
Childhood sexual abuse	900	OR	0.76	1.08	0.97	0.87	1.49	0.90	1.05	0.68*	1.32
BL		CI	0.20–2.89	0.59–1.97	0.61–1.55	0.53–1.41	0.90–2.48	0.57–1.42	0.69–1.60	0.45–1.04	0.85–2.05
New episode of MD	876	OR	0.57	1.55*	0.91	1.01	1.09	1.03	0.98	0.95	0.92
BL		CI	0.22–1.46	0.96–2.49	0.65–1.27	0.70–1.45	0.75–1.56	0.74–1.45	0.72–1.34	0.69–1.30	0.65–1.28
MD diagnosis in co-twina	800	OR	0.55	1.04	1.05	1.20	1.03	1.14	1.04	0.92	0.76
BL		CI	0.21–1.46	0.66–1.63	0.75–1.47	0.83–1.74	0.71–1.49	0.82–1.60	0.76–1.43	0.67–1.26	0.53–1.07
Mean OR (S.D.)			1.99 (1.18)	1.25 (0.24)	1.26 (0.29)	1.28 (0.19)	1.28 (0.29)	1.25 (0.20)	1.25 (0.23)	1.17 (0.14)	1.46 (0.39)

^aOne-tailed p values, regression model with zygosity as additional covariate;

n, sample size, differences in sample sizes throughout validators due to missing data; BL, binary logit model; CL, cumulative logit model, covariates included in the model: age, sex and criteria symptom count; xxx, no valid regression model; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^*p<0.1, shaded cells are significant at the p<0.05 level,

^**p<0.05,

^***p<0.01.

^†p<0.001,

^‡p<0.0001.