Table 2.
Comparison of cognitive and neurovegetative criteria count (logistic regression)
| Dependent variable | n | Cognitive criteria count (CCC) | Neurovegetative criteria count (NCC) | χ2 test CCC=NCC (p values) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co-morbidities (lifetime) | |||||
| General anxiety disorder (last year) | 1015 | OR | 1.55‡ | 1.45‡ | 0.5111 |
| BL | CI | 1.39–1.72 | 1.32–1.60 | ||
| Panic (broad) | 859 | OR | 1.35‡ | 1.20‡ | 0.1531 |
| BL | CI | 1.23–1.47 | 1.11–1.30 | ||
| Panic disorder | 859 | OR | 1.60‡ | 1.13* | 0.0173 |
| BL | CI | 1.36–1.87 | 0.98–1.31 | ||
| Any phobia | 881 | OR | 1.30‡ | 1.16‡ | 0.0282 |
| BL | CI | 1.23–1.38 | 1.10–1.23 | ||
| Alcohol dependence | 880 | OR | 1.36‡ | 1.17‡ | 0.0138 |
| BL | CI | 1.27–1.45 | 1.11–1.25 | ||
| Nicotine dependence | 558 | OR | 1.26‡ | 1.09** | 0.0481 |
| BL | CI | 1.16–1.36 | 1.02–1.18 | ||
| Any illicit drug dependence | 844 | OR | 1.56‡ | 1.07 | <0.0001 |
| BL | CI | 1.42–1.71 | 0.97–1.16 | ||
| Adult antisocial personality trait | 753 | OR | 1.54‡ | 1.01 | <0.0001 |
| BL | CI | 1.41–1.69 | 0.92–1.20 | ||
| Personality traits | |||||
| Higher neuroticism score | 977 | OR | 2.15‡ | 1.41‡ | <0.0001 |
| CL | CI | 1.94–2.37 | 1.29–1.54 | ||
| Higher extraversion score | 977 | OR | 0.82‡ | 1.02 | <0.0001 |
| CL | CI | 0.77–0.87 | 0.96–1.08 | ||
| Characteristics of index depressive episode | |||||
| Prominent anxiety symptoms | 992 | OR | 1.57‡ | 1.64‡ | 0.4120 |
| BL | CI | 1.48–1.68 | 1.55–1.74 | ||
| Duration depressive episode in weeks | 1015 | OR | 1.76‡ | 1.43‡ | 0.0260 |
| CL | CI | 1.46–1.68 | 1.29–1.46 | ||
| Chronic MD (duration ≥12 months) | 1015 | OR | 1.77‡ | 1.41‡ | 0.0259 |
| BL | CI | 1.56–2.01 | 1.26–1.59 | ||
| Something happened | 1015 | OR | 1.02 | 0.89*** | 0.0475 |
| BL | CI | 0.94–1.11 | 0.83–0.97 | ||
| Seeking help | 1014 | OR | 1.60‡ | 1.30‡ | 0.0004 |
| BL | CI | 1.49–1.73 | 1.21–1.39 | ||
| Prior depression history | |||||
| Number of episodes | 715 | OR | 1.37‡ | 1.20‡ | 0.0139 |
| CL | CI | 1.29–1.46 | 1.13–1.27 | ||
| Age of first onset of MD>18 | 719 | OR | 0.82‡ | 0.90*** | 0.1616 |
| BL | CI | 0.76–0.89 | 0.84–0.96 | ||
| Demographic characteristics at index episode | |||||
| Age (being older) | 1015 | OR | 0.95** | 1.03 | 0.0517 |
| CL | CI | 0.90–1.00 | 0.99–1.08 | ||
| Sex (being female) | 1015 | OR | 1.02 | 1.16‡ | 0.0070 |
| BL | CI | 0.97–1.08 | 1.11–1.22 | ||
| Married or living with partner | 1015 | OR | 0.86‡ | 0.92*** | 0.1435 |
| BL | CI | 0.81–0.91 | 0.88–0.97 | ||
| More than 9 school years (education) | 1015 | OR | 0.77‡ | 0.99 | 0.0212 |
| BL | CI | 0.69–0.87 | 0.89–1.11 | ||
| Higher Family income | 1015 | OR | 0.86‡ | 0.96* | 0.0310 |
| CL | CI | 0.82–0.91 | 0.91–1.01 | ||
| Other validators | |||||
| Childhood sexual abuse (broad) | 900 | OR | 1.31‡ | 1.12*** | 0.0488 |
| BL | CI | 1.20–1.43 | 1.04–1.21 | ||
| New episode of MD in second wave | 876 | OR | 1.61‡ | 1.45‡ | 0.0955 |
| BL | CI | 1.50–1.73 | 1.36–1.55 | ||
| MD diagnosis in co-twina | 800 | OR | 1.64‡ | 1.48‡ | 0.1272 |
| BL | CI | 1.52–1.78 | 1.38–1.59 | ||
n, Sample size, differences due to missing data; BL, binary logit model; CL, cumulative logit model, covariates included in the model: sex, age and symptom count of the other symptom group; MD, major depression; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Cognitive symptoms: depressed mood; loss of interest; feeling worthless/guilty; suicidal ideation.
Neurovegetative symptoms: appetite/weight change; sleep; psychomotor agitation/retardation; fatigue.
Not counted: trouble concentrating.
a
One-tailed p values, zygosity included as covariate in the model.
Two-tailed p values:
*
p<0.1,
**
p<0.05,
***
p<0.01,
†
p<0.001,
‡
p<0.0001.