Table 2.

Results of linear regression analysis between urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and markers of renal effects by gender and age.

Renal effect markersa	Men		Women
	Bb (95% CIc)	P	Bb (95% CIc)	P
	U-Cd (μg/g cre), 40–49 yrs		U-Cd (μg/g cre), 40–49 yrs
Urinary protein (mg/g cre)	0.11 (0.06–0.17)	<0.001	0.06 (0.02–0.10)	0.002
β2-MG (μg/g cr)	0.27 (0.18–0.36)	<0.001	0.09 (0.05–0.13)	<0.001
NAG (IU/g cr)	0.40 (0.29–0.51)	<0.001	0.20 (0.15–0.24)	<0.001
	U-Cd (μg/g cre), 50–59 yrs		U-Cd (μg/g cre), 50–59 yrs
Urinary protein (mg/g cre)	0.14 (0.08–0.21)	<0.001	0.03 (0.01–0.04)	0.004
β2-MG (μg/g cr)	0.14 (0.07–0.21)	<0.001	0.08 (0.06–0.10)	<0.001
NAG (IU/g cr)	0.29 (0.21–0.38)	<0.001	0.08 (0.05–0.11)	<0.001
	U-Cd (μg/24h), 40–49 yrs		U-Cd (μg/24h), 40–49 yrs
Urinary protein (mg/24h)	0.05 (0.004–0.10)	0.035	0.06 (0.02–0.10)	0.004
β2-MG (μg/24h)	0.17 (0.09–0.24)	<0.001	0.09 (0.05–0.13)	<0.001
NAG (IU/24h)	0.27 (0.18–0.35)	<0.001	0.20 (0.15–0.25)	<0.001
	U-Cd (μg/24h), 50–59 yrs		U-Cd (μg/24h), 50–59 yrs
Urinary protein (mg/24h)	0.09 (0.05–0.14)	<0.001	0.02 (-0.002–0.04)	0.071
β2-MG (μg/24h)	0.10 (0.05–0.15)	<0.001	0.08 (0.06–0.11)	<0.001
NAG (IU/24h)	0.20 (0.14–0.26)	<0.001	0.09 (0.05–0.13)	<0.001

^aAll renal markers were natural log-transformed.

^bRegression coefficients.

^c95% confidence interval.