Table 3.

Least Square Means by Time for Treatment and Control Groups based on Repeated-Measures Analysis of Covariance

	Week 3	Week 6	Week 7	Week 10	F (df) time effect	F (df) group × time effect
CSDD a
Control			3.38 (0.70)	3.24 (0.57)	0.55	1.21
Treatment			4.38 (0.70)	5.11 (0.56)**	(1, 95)	(1, 95)
QOL Resident-Rated
Control			44.39 (0.95)	43.74 (0.88)	2.06	0.13
Treatment			44.67 (0.97)	43.59 (0.87)	(1, 93)	(1, 93)
QOL Staff-Rated b
Control			41.37 (1.01)	41.79 (1.10)	.29	1.65
Treatment			40.91 (1.01)	39.89 (1.09)	(1, 95)	(1, 95)
NPI-NH c
Control			7.48 (2.09)	5.75 (2.24)	1.25	6.87*
Treatment			6.90 (2.05)	11.20 (2.21)	(1, 95)	(1, 95)
Social Communication a, c
Control			5.44 (0.13)	5.55 (0.15)	2.50	14.60***
Treatment			5.82 (0.13)	5.54 (0.15)	(1, 94)	(1, 94)
Basic Needs Communication a, c
Control			5.73 (0.17)	5.76 (0.17)	1.05	1.82
Treatment			6.10 (0.17)	5.89 (0.17)	(1, 94)	(1, 94)
OERS Pleasure c
Control	2.03 (0.17)	2.41 (0.20)	1.68 (0.19)	1.78 (0.19)	17.24***	4.0 **
Treatment	3.44 (0.17)***	3.55 (0.20)***	2.34 (0.18)*	2.31 (0.18)	(3, 190)	(3, 190)

Notes. CSDD = Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia; QOL = Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease; NPI-NH = Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version; OERS = Observed Emotion Rating Scale.

Means are adjusted for baseline score and covariates found to be significant in preliminary testing. Standard errors are in parentheses. Significant differences between control and treatment group means at Weeks 3, 6, 7, and 10 are noted by treatment group asterisks. Except for the outcomes of QOL Resident-Rated and QOL Staff-Rated, p-values for between-group comparisons were based on the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001

^aModified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale as covariate;

^blength of stay as covariate;

^cMini-Mental State Exam as covariate