Effect of MEN16132 and dexamethasone co-administration on carrageenan-induced knee joint incapacitation (A), oedema (B) and neutrophil infiltration (C). Rats received intra-articularly in the right knee MEN16132 alone (10–300 µg), dexamethasone alone (10–300 µg), or their combinations at a constant 1:1 dose ratio (10, 30 or 100 µg). The non-constant dose ratio represents a fixed dose of MEN16132 (100 µg) with different doses of dexamethasone (1–10 µg). After 30 min, animals were injected with saline (control group) or λ-carrageenan into the right knee. Inhibitory effects on knee joint incapacitation, oedema and myeloperoxidase activity were measured 6 h after carrageenan administration. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of six experiments. *P < 0.05 significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced responses (one-way anova followed by Dunnett's post-test).