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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 28.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Mar 16;152(6):380–390. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00008

Appendix Table 4.

Categorical Meta-analyses Exploring Heterogeneity of the Cumulative RHs for Short-Term (1-Year) All-Cause Mortality

Region Women Men
Studies, n RH (95% CI) for All-Cause Mortality 1 Year After Hip Fracture P Value* Studies, n RH (95% CI) for All-Cause Mortality 1 Year After Hip Fracture P Value*
All studies included* <0.001 <0.001
 Americas 7 2.55 (1.96–3.30) 6 3.27 (2.85–3.75)
 Europe 13 2.90 (2.52–3.34) 10 3.76 (3.20–4.42)
 Southeast Asia 1 2.29 (0.79–6.63) – –
 Western Pacific (Australia)† 1 6.09 (4.37–8.48) 1 8.78 (6.05–12.76)
Outlying study omitted† 0.64 0.19
 Americas 7 2.55 (1.96–3.30) 6 3.27 (2.85–3.75)
 Europe 13 2.90 (2.52–3.34) 10 3.76 (3.20–4.42)
 Southeast Asia 1 2.29 (0.79–6.63)

RH = relative hazard.

*

Between-group heterogeneity.

†

The outlying study is the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, which was done in Australia and had a 15-year observation period (66). The authors acknowledge that there was probably selection bias in their study because participants were healthier than nonparticipants (67).