Table 1.
Characteristics of the children in the sample, by maternal history of depression
| Control (n = 30) | COD (n = 44) | |
|---|---|---|
| Child age (years) | 5.09 (1.55) | 5.06 (1.77) |
| Child gender (female, %) | 43 | 43 |
| Child ethnicity | ||
| European–American (%) | 60 | 36 |
| African–American (%) | 27 | 32 |
| Latino (%) | 0 | 5 |
| Asian–American (%) | 3 | 0 |
| Mixeda (%) | 10 | 27 |
| Child affect expression | 0.17 (0.65) | –0.12 (1.18) |
| Child frontal EEG asymmetry | –0.0034 (0.1307) | –0.0122 (0.1128) |
| Mothers’ depressive symptoms | ||
| Time 1 | 3.34 (3.36) | 14.63 (8.49) |
| Time 2 | 3.07 (4.08) | 15.05 (10.37) |
| Mothers’ anxiety symptoms | 23.47 (3.17) | 32.36 (8.96) |
Values are mean (SD) or percentages. Data for affect expression are factor scores from principal components analysis. Negative frontal asymmetry scores reflect right frontal asymmetry, and positive scores reflect left frontal asymmetry. Anxiety symptoms were measured at time 1.
COD Maternal history of childhood-onset depression.
a
Primarily mixed European–American and African–American.