Fig. 3.

Involvement of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in co-culture system. SW982 cells were cultured with interleukin (IL)-6 (100 ng/ml) + sIL-6R (100 ng/ml) for 24 h and RANKL mRNA expression and RANKL protein production was measured (a). RAW cells were co-cultured with SW982 cells in the presence of IL-6 + sIL-6R with or without anti-RANKL antibody (10 µg/ml) for 24 h and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) mRNA expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (b). Statistical significances were analysed by t-test (*P < 0·05).