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| Population | Sample size | Tibial arch angle (mean ± sd) | % of sample with posteriorly directed TAA | Minimum tibial arch angle | Maximum tibial arch angle |
| Radiographs | 261 | 4.0°±3.6° | 8.4% | −5.0° | 18.0° |
| Hamann-Todd | 24 | 3.0°±2.7° | 12.5% | −3.0° | 8.0° |
| Unprovenienced- University of Michigan | 66 | 2.8°±2.3° | 7.6% | −4.0° | 8.0° |
| Libben | 45 | 5.9°±3.1° | 2.2% | −1.0° | 13.0° |
