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. 2010 Sep 28;60(1):114–118. doi: 10.2337/db10-0329

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© 2011 by the American Diabetes Association.

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FIG. 2. — Intranasal insulin enhances postprandial energy expenditure. Following baseline assessment of energy expenditure (EE) (expressed per kcal/min), acute effects of intranasal administration (nose symbol) of insulin (160 IU) (■), and placebo (□), respectively, on energy expenditure were frequently measured before and after ingestion of liquid food (900 kcal; cup symbol) for a total of 6.5 h (left panel). The rise in energy expenditure between baseline (8:30–9:45:00 a.m.) and the postprandial state (10:45:00 a.m.–3:15:00 p.m.) reflects the energy emitted mainly as heat during food metabolization (diet-induced thermogenesis [DIT]) (right panel). Data are means ± SEM; N = 19. *P < 0.05.