FIG. 3.

Real-time qPCR data for murine hypothalamic genes that do not correlate with counterregulatory failure or its reversal by naloxone or valsartan. Relative expression levels of (A) Hif3a, (B) S3-12, and (C) GLUT1 were assessed using custom PCR arrays in the same groups described in Fig. 1. Animals were killed 4 h after the final insulin or saline injection. Data for each gene were normalized to a panel of housekeeping transcripts and expressed as fold change compared with the saline-injected (euglycemic) group. Data are means ± SE (n = 6 for all groups). *P < 0.05 as compared with the euglycemic group (Dunnett test).