TABLE 2.

Circulating metabolites, insulin, and metabolic parameters in the basal state and during hyperinsulinemia

	Healthy men (n = 11)		Type 2 diabetic men (n = 11)
	Basal	Clamp	Basal	Clamp
Glucose (mmol/l)	5.5 (4.5–6.7)	4.9 (4.6–5.3)	6.8 (5.8–14.7)‡	5.0 (4.9–6.7)‖
FFA (mmol/l)	0.43 ± 0.12	0.03 (0.02–0.16)	0.42 ± 0.13	0.05 (0.01–0.23)
VLDL-TG (mmol/l)	0.54 (0.31–1.10)	0.28 (0.13–0.63)	0.92 (0.64–2.70)†	0.70 (0.25–2.15)†
Insulin (pmol/l)	27 (18–66)	320 ± 31	65 (22–118)†	345 ± 46
EE (kcal/day)	1,956 ± 125	2,021 ± 131	1,876 ± 197	1,819 ± 190†§
RQ	0.81 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.05	0.85 ± 0.04*	0.88 ± 0.05
Glucose oxidation (mg/kg/min)	1.02 ± 0.52	2.09 ± 0.72	1.42 ± 0.55	1.80 ± 0.68§
Lipid oxidation (mg/kg/min)	0.74 ± 0.14	0.37 ± 0.23	0.57 ± 0.19*	0.38 ± 0.23
GIR (mg/kg/min)		9.0 ± 3.7		5.1 ± 3.3*

Data are mean ± SD or median (range). EE, energy expenditure; FFA, free fatty acids; GIR, glucose infusion rate; RQ, respiratory quotient; VLDL-TG, very low density lipoprotein triglyceride.

*P < 0.05;

†P < 0.01;

‡P < 0.001 vs. healthy men.

§P < 0.05;

‖P < 0.01 difference (basal-clamp) vs. difference (basal-clamp) in healthy men.