Table 3.

Multivariable Relations of QRS Duration Category with Risk for Pacemaker Implantation

QRS Duration (ms)	Age- and Sex- Adjusted		Multivariable-Adjusted*
	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Model 1: All individuals
<100	Referent		Referent
100 to <120	3.30 (2.07–5.27)	<0.0001	2.90 (1.81–4.66)	<0.0001
≥120	5.10 (3.41–7.63)	<0.0001	4.43 (2.94–6.68)	<0.0001
Model 2: All individuals with further adjustment for incident MI or HF
<100	Referent		Referent
100 to <120	2.96 (1.85–4.74)	<0.0001	2.92 (1.82–4.68)	<0.0001
≥120	4.52 (3.01–6.80)	<0.0001	4.45 (2.95–6.70)	<0.0001
Model 3: Subgroup not taking nodal blocking agents
<100	Referent		Referent
100 to <120	4.11 (2.28–7.40)	<0.0001	3.82 (2.11–6.92)	<0.0001
≥120	5.76 (3.45–9.63)	<0.0001	5.44 (3.24–9.16)	<0.0001
Model 4: Subgroup not taking nodal blocking agents with further adjustment for incident MI or HF
<100	Referent		Referent
100 to <120	3.65 (2.01–6.61)	<0.0001	3.67 (2.02–6.64)	<0.0001
≥120	5.33 (3.17–8.96)	<0.0001	5.36 (3.18–9.03)	<0.0001

In the whole sample, the number of pacemaker events was 101 of 16,494 person-exams among individuals with QRS <100, 22 of 772 person-exams among individuals with QRS 100 to <120, and 34 of 465 person-exams among individuals with QRS ≥120. In the subgroup of participants not taking nodal blocking agents, the number of pacemaker event was 62 of 14,726 person-exams among individuals with QRS<100, 14 of 608 person-exams among individuals with QRS 100 to <120, and 21 of 350 person-exams among individuals with QRS ≥120.

^*All models are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and history of myocardial infarction or heart failure.