A, yin6Δ cells (strain YIN6K) were transformed with either a vector control (pREP1) or the same vector carrying the yin6 or rpn7 (pREP1YIN6 or pREP1RPN7). Serially diluted cells were spotted on MM plates and incubated at the indicated temperatures. B, left, the same transformed yin6Δ cells as in A were pregrown in MM at 32 °C, and equal numbers were spread on MM plates with the indicated amount of canavanine and incubated at 32 °C for 10 days. The number of colonies that emerged without canavanine was taken as 100% survival. Right, the same transformed yin6Δ cells as in A were serially diluted and spotted on MM plates with the indicated concentrations of canavanine and incubated at 32 °C. C, the α4 subunit was tagged in a yin6Δ strain by GFP via homologous recombination, and Rpn7 and Yin6 were overexpressed in the resulting strain. On the right, the ratio of GFP signal in the cytoplasm versus the nucleus is quantified from the microscopy data. **, p< 0.01 (n = 60 cells).