Table 4.

Summary of the case-control studies which have compared circulating levels of angpts and sTie in patients with or without CVD.

Human study	Number	Results of study
Cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension [74]	251 Hypertensive 192 No previous CVD	Patients with hypertension had higher concentrations of plasma angpt 2 that were predictive of myocardial infarction (MI).
Patients with atrial fibrillation [71]	40 Control 59 Diseased	Concentrations of plasma angpt 2 correlated with von Willebrand factor (vWF).
Patients with type 2 diabetes with or without CVD [84]	34 Control 38 Diseased	Increased concentrations of plasma angpt 2 but not angpt 1 where detected in patients with diabetes. Patients who received intensified diabetes management had a reduction of plasma angpt 2 if CVD was absent but not in the presence of CVD.
Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [35]	23 Control 46 Diseased	Levels of sTie-2 and angpt 2 in plasma were elevated in patients with PAD.
Patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) [70]	17 Control 40 Chronic CHF 39 Acute CHF	Patients with acute CHF had higher concentrations of angpt 2 and sTie-2 in plasma, compared to controls and patients with chronic CHF.
Hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) olmesartan or a placebo. Pravastatin was also assessed [85]	96 Control 94 Treated	Angpt 2 concentrations in plasma were elevated in hypertensive patients, particularly in women, elderly and in the presence of atherosclerosis. The elevated angpt 2 levels in hypertensive patients correlated with adhesion molecules and inflammation. ARBs effectively decreased several inflammatory mediators but did not have an effect on angpt 2 levels. Pravastatin administration did not reduce angpt 2 levels.