Figure 4.

Changes in gene expression in Hells^−/− MEFs. (A) RT-PCRs detect expression of the normally silenced Gm9 and Rhox genes in Hells^−/− MEFs. (B) Expression of the imprinted genes Mkrn3, Ndn, and Peg12 of the mouse PWS imprinted locus on chromosome 7 in Hells^−/− and wild-type MEFs. Ube3a is a neighboring imprinted gene. (C) Pluripotency markers Dppa2 and Dppa4, but not Dppa3 and Gdf3, are expressed in Hells^−/− MEFs. (D) As previously reported (Xi et al. 2007), some Hox genes, including Hoxa5, Hoxa6, and Hoxa7, are aberrantly expressed in Hells^−/− MEFs. In A–D, the triangles represent an increasing concentration of cDNA. “Mr” is a DNA size marker. (E) Global changes in gene expression in Hells^−/− MEFs compared with wild-type controls as detected by expression microarrays. “n” indicates the number of up-regulated fourfold or more (log₂ Hells^−/−/wild type ≥ 2) and down-regulated fourfold or more (log₂ wild type/Hells^−/− ≥ 2) transcripts. Log₂ values of normalized intensities for Hells^−/− MEFs (y-axis) versus wild-type MEFs (x-axis) are shown.