Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of participants by SBP categories (n = 4528)

Characteristic	SBP Categorya				P for Trend
	Normal SBP (<120 mmHg; n = 2774)	Prehypertension (120 to 139 mmHg; n = 1369)	Stage 1 (140 to 159 mmHg; n = 261)	Stage 2 (≥160 mmHg; n = 94)
Fructose intake (g/d; mean ± SD)	71 ± 93	76 ± 96	86 ± 81	98 ± 85	0.05
Age (years; mean ± SD)	37 ± 13	44 ± 16	58 ± 15	66 ± 12	<0.0001
Gender (%)					<0.0001
male	38	40	47	68
female	62	60	53	32
Ethnicity					<0.07
non-Hispanic white	52	52	56	48
non-Hispanic black	18	21	20	27
Mexican American	26	23	20	21
other	4	4	4	5
Smoking status (%)					<0.0001
never	53	49	47	59
former	18	23	28	27
current	23	25	24	14
unknown	5	3	1	0
Diabetes (%)	2	5	9	8	<0.0001
Average daily METs exercise (mean ± SD)	210 ± 356	198 ± 256	175 ± 229	152 ± 199	0.02
Waist circumference (in; mean ± SD)	37 ± 6	39 ± 6	39 ± 5	38 ± 5	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2; mean ± SD)	27 ± 6	29 ± 6	29 ± 6	28 ± 5	<0.0001
Serum glucose levels (mg/dl; mean ± SD)	90 ± 23	97 ± 31	101 ± 27	102 ± 30	<0.0001
Uric acid (mg/dl; mean ± SD)	5.0 ± 1.3	5.4 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 1.1	<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dl; mean ± SD)	199 ± 44	204 ± 42	214 ± 49	218 ± 32	<0.0001
LDL (mg/dl; mean ± SD)	129 ± 43	138 ± 45	147 ± 52	144 ± 36	<0.0001
HDL (mg/dl; mean ± SD)	57 ± 17	53 ± 17	55 ± 15	60 ± 14	<0.0001
Triglycerides (mg/dl; mean ± SD)	128 ± 100	154 ± 132	168 ± 180	143 ± 88	<0.0001
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2; mean ± SD)	103 ± 26	95 ± 23	88 ± 20	81 ± 18	<0.0001
Dietary recall (mean ± SD)
kilocalories	2187 ± 868	2300 ± 901	2052 ± 750	1849 ± 679	0.21
carbohydrate intake (g/d)	274 ± 117	281 ± 120	252 ± 93	240 ± 106	0.03
sodium (mg/d)	3466 ± 1529	3557 ± 1580	3248 ± 1338	2863 ± 991	<0.05
potassium (mg/d)	2688 ± 1134	2776 ± 1103	2671 ± 954	2399 ± 730	0.83
alcohol intake (g/d)	7 ± 17	12 ± 27	8 ± 19	5 ± 12	0.0002
vitamin C (mg/d)	98 ± 92	94 ± 88	95 ± 70	90 ± 57	0.15

^aIn accordance with the JNC 7 classification of hypertension.