Active vitamin D compounds and cinacalcet affect calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid homeostasis differently. Serum and urine biochemistry and histomorphometry of the parathyroid glands are shown: in wild-type (WT) mice; in 1α(OH)ase null mice [1α(OH)ase−/−] on a high-calcium intake (h) treated with vehicle, 1,25(OH)2D3, doxercalciferol, cinacalcet for 2 hours (hr), and cinacalcet for 24 hours; and in 1α(OH)ase null mice on a rescue diet (r) treated with vehicle or cinacalcet for 24 hours. Each value is the mean ± SEM. (A) Number of replicates for serum calcium from left to right are as follows: 4 for WT, 6 for vehicle, 5 for 1,25(OH)2D3,7 for doxercalciferol, 3 for cinacalcet 2 hours, 3 for cinacalcet 24 hours, 7 for vehicle, 5 for cinacalcet 2 hours, and 5 for cinacalcet 24 hours. (B) Number of replicates for 24-hour urine calcium are as follows: 4 for vehicle and 4 for cinacalcet. (C) Number of replicates for serum phosphorus from left to right are as follows: 3 for WT, 4 for vehicle, 4 for 1,25(OH)2D3, 6 for doxercalciferol, 3 for cinacalcet 2 hours, 3 for cinacalcet 24 hours, 6 for vehicle, 4 for cinacalcet 2 hours, and 5 for cinacalcet 24 hours. (D) Number of replicates for serum PTH from left to right are as follows: 3 for WT, 7 for vehicle, 5 for 1,25(OH)2D3, 7 for doxercalciferol, 3 for cinacalcet 2 hours, 3 for cinacalcet 24 hours, 4 for vehicle, 4 for cinacalcet 2 hours, and 5 for cinacalcet 2 hours. (E) Number of replicates for parathyroid, gland size done by histomorphometry from left to right are as follows: 3 for WT, 3 for vehicle, 3 for 1,25(OH)2D3, 3 for doxercalciferol, 3 for cinacalcet, 6 for vehicle, and 6 for cinacalcet. +P < 0.05 compared with WT mice; ++P < 0.01 compared with WT mice; +++P < 0.001 compared with WT mice; *P < 0.05 compared with vehicle-treated 1α(OH)ase null mice on a high-calcium intake; **P < 0.01 compared with vehicle-treated 1α(OH)ase null mice on a high-calcium intake; ***P < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated 1α(OH)ase null mice on a high-calcium intake. ○P < 0.05 compared with vehicle-treated 1α(OH)ase null mice on a rescue diet; ○○P < 0.01 compared with vehicle-treated 1α(OH)ase null mice on a rescue diet.