Table 2.
Up-regulation of Catabolic Genes by Blunt Impact
| Group | 2−ΔΔCT |
95% Confidence Intervals |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | S.D. | N | Upper Limit | Lower Limit | ||
| MMP-13 | ||||||
| Control | 1 | 0.90 | 3 | 2.02 | −0.02 | N/A |
| Impact | 2.57 | 0.03 | 3 | 2.6 | 2.54 | 0.0394 |
| Annulus | 3.11 | 0.11 | 3 | 3.23 | 2.99 | 0.0158 |
| TNF-alpha | ||||||
| Control | 1 | 0.32 | 3 | 1.36 | 0.64 | N/A |
| Impact | 2.23 | 0.31 | 3 | 2.58 | 1.88 | 0.0088 |
| Annulus | 2.91 | 0.60 | 3 | 3.59 | 2.23 | 0.0082 |
| ADAMTS-5 | ||||||
| Control | 1 | 0.52 | 3 | 1.59 | 0.41 | N/A |
| Impact | 2.01 | 0.07 | 3 | 2.09 | 1.93 | 0.0290 |
| Annulus | 1.60 | 0.18 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.1320 |
The mRNA levels of target genes in cartilage at 6 hrs of post-impaction were measured with quantitative real-time PCR. The relative expression of target genes was calculated as ratios of CT values in impacted or annulus cartilage to those in untreated control cartilage (2−ΔΔCT).