Figure 8.
Proposed model of potential effects of Klotho on vascular calcification. Klotho can protect the vasculature against calcification in CKD probably by three actions: (1) slowing progression of CKD; (2) maintenance of normophosphatemia through induction of phosphaturia; and (3) direct inhibition of Pi influx into VSMC, which in turn suppresses the dedifferentiation of VSMC.