Table 1.

Assessment of bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in osteoporosis (diagnostic categories expressed as T-scores)

Normal bone density	Patient BMD is greater than 1 SD below young adult reference mean BMD (T-score > −1).
Osteopenia	Patient BMD is between 1 SD and 2.5 SD below young adult reference mean BMD (T-score < −1 and > −2.5).
Osteoporosis	Patient BMD is 2.5 SD or more below young adult reference mean BMD (T-score < 2.5).
Severe osteoporosis	Patient BMD is 2.5 SD or more below young adult reference mean BMD with fragility fractures.