Table 2.

Post-nap assessments

Measure	Placebo Mean ± SD	Ramelteon Mean ± SD	Effect Size	p value
VAS alert	67.1 ± 22.8	61.1 ± 18.6	0.29	0.0013*
KSS	4.8 ± 1.8	5.4 ± 1.6	0.35	0.0003*
DSST correct	53.3 ± 9.3	50.4 ± 9.3	0.31	0.0068*
KDT - TLFA	4.0 ± 5.6	4.9 ± 4.5	0.18	< 0.0001*

Primary endpoints corrected α:* = p < 0.0125

VAS, visual analog scale alertness; KSS, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; DSST, digit symbol substitution task; KDT, Karolinska Drowsiness Test; TLFA, theta low frequency alpha (5.5-9 Hz) power