Table 3.

Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis subjects and association with metabolic syndrome

Characteristic	RA (n=232)	Odds ratio (95% CI) Adjusted for age, sex and RA duration	p-value
Age, years, median (IQR)	58 (50, 68)	1.5 (1.2, 1.9)	<0.001
		per 10 years
Female, n (%)	174 (75)	1.1 (0.6, 2.2)	0.81
RA duration, years, median (IQR)	7.0 (4.1, 12.8)	0.7 (0.5, 1.2)	0.23
		per 10 years
RF positive, n (%)	159 (69)	1.2 (0.6, 2.2)	0.60
ACPA positive, n (%)	92 (40)	1.0 (0.5, 1.7)	0.90
CRP, mg/L, median (IQR)	2.1 (0.8, 4.6)	1.0 (0.95, 1.04)	0.85
Interleukin 6, pg/mL, median (IQR)	2.3 (1.4, 4.4)	1.0 (0.97, 1.03)	0.95
Uric Acid, mg/dL, median (IQR)	4.8 (4.0, 5.8)	1.6 (1.3, 2.1)	<0.001
Erosions/destructive changes on radiographs, n (%)	119 (51)	0.8 (0.5, 1.5)	0.54
HAQ score, median (IQR)	0.4 (0.0, 0.8)	3.2 (1.9, 5.7)	<0.001
History of large joint swelling	177 (76)	2.5 (1.2, 5.3)	0.02
Medication usage, n (%)*
Methotrexate	131 (56)	1.1 (0.6, 2.0)	0.69
Hydroxychloroquine	75 (32)	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	0.69
Other DMARDs	25 (11)	1.6 (0.6, 3.7)	0.33
Biologics	38 (16)	1.2 (0.6, 2.6)	0.59
Glucocorticoids (systemic)	59 (25)	1.0 (0.6, 2.0)	0.89
NSAIDs	140 (60)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.17

^*At time of study visit. Systemic glucocorticoids included either oral or intravenous forms (e.g., prednisone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone). Other DMARDs included sulfasalazine, lleflunomide, azathioprine. Biologics included tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, anakinra, abatacept, rituximab

RA = rheumatoid arthritis; CI= confidence interval; RF = rheumatoid factor; CCP = cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; CRP= C-reactive protein; IQR = interquartile range; HAQ = Health Assessment Questionnaire; DMARDs = disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs