Table 3.
Longitudinal Intracohort Comparison of Positively and Negatively Worded RWPB Items in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (N = 6,943)
| RPWB | Age 32-51 (n = 603) |
Age 52-56 (n = 5,883) |
Age 57-75 (n = 457) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | N | P | N | P | N | |
| Autonomy | — (0.00%) |
— (0.00%) |
↓ ** (0.07%) |
↓ * (0.03%) |
↓ ** (0.60%) |
↓ *** (1.49%) |
| Environmental mastery | ↑ * (0.25%) |
↑ * (0.35%) |
↑ *** (0.14%) |
↑ *** (0.26%) |
— (0.00%) |
— (0.00%) |
| Personal growth | ↓ * (0.34%) |
↓ * (0.20%) |
↓ *** (0.54%) |
↓ *** (0.43%) |
↓ *** (1.71%) |
↓ *** (1.60%) |
| Positive relations | ↑ * (0.22%) |
— (0.00%) |
↑ *** (0.55%) |
— (0.00%) |
— (0.00%) |
↓* (0.40%) |
| Purpose in life | — (0.00%) |
— (0.00%) |
↓ ** (0.05%) |
↓ *** (0.25%) |
— (0.00%) |
↓ ** (0.64%) |
| Self-acceptance | — (0.00%) |
— (0.00%) |
↓ *** (0.38%) |
↓ *** (0.24%) |
↓ *** (1.20%) |
↓ ** (0.71%) |
Note. “P” refers to positively worded items; “N” refers to negatively worded items. Entries in parentheses reflect between-year variance in a respective RPWB dimension based on adjusted R2 (i.e. the proportion of the variance explained by wave). The ages listed refer to 1993-1994. Downward arrows denote a statistically significant decline in a respective dimension; upward arrows denote a statistically significant increase; the absence of an arrow indicates that this RPWB dimension has not changed significantly between the two waves. Asterisks denote significant differences in means:
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.