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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Res. 2011 Jan 1;40(1):392–398. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.05.008

Items by RPWB Subscale in the WLS and MIDUS

Item WLS MIDUS
Autonomy
*I have confidence in my opinions even if they are contrary to the general consensus. X
*I have confidence in my own opinions, even if they are different from the way most other people think. X
I am not afraid to voice my opinions, even when they are in opposition to the opinions of most people. X
It's difficult for me to voice my opinions on controversial matters. X
I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions. X
I judge myself by what I think is important, not by the values of what others think is important. X
Environmental Mastery
*I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life. X
*I am good at managing the responsibilities of daily life. X
I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me. X
I have been able to create a lifestyle for myself that is much to my liking. X
In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live. X
The demands of everyday life often get me down. X
Personal Growth
I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time. X
When I think about it, I haven't really improved much as a person over the years. X
I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how I think about myself and the world. X X
For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth. X
I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago. X
Positive Relations
I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns. X
It seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do. X
People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my time with others. X X
Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me. X
I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others. X
Purpose in Life
I am an active person in carrying out the plans I set for myself. X
I don't have a good sense of what it is I'm trying to accomplish in life. X
I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life. X X
I used to set goals for myself, but that now seems like a waste of time. X
Some people wander aimlessly through life but I am not one of them. X
I live life one day at a time and don't really think about the future. X
Self-Acceptance
In general, I feel confident and positive about myself. X
When I compare myself to friends and acquaintances, it makes me feel good about who I am. X
In many ways, I feel disappointed about my achievements in life. X X
When I look at the story of my life, I am pleased with how things have turned out so far. X
I like most parts of my personality. X

Note: Items that are asterisked vary somewhat in their wording between WLS and MIDUS. The differences are italicized to help with comparisons.