Figure 2. Cumulative survival in persons with prior cryptococcal meningitis newly initiating HIV therapy in Uganda is stratified by the occurrence of cryptococcal IRIS.

IRIS was associated with increased mortality (HR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.3, p = 0.035). Included with the controls are three suspected, but unproven cases of CM-IRIS, three unknown causes of death (two suspected pulmonary emboli). Two deaths have been excluded of persons with known virologic suppression with clinical IRIS who refused lumbar punctures to exclude alternative etiologies of their deterioration, of which one of these deaths was attributed to suicide.