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Path diagrams for 3 example dogs, a young dog (Labrador, 3 years), an unimpaired aged dog (Labrador, 10 years) and an impaired aged dog (Golden retriever, 10 years), for acquisition trials 1, 3, 5 and 7 and the probe retention trial. The flag indicates the learned location. F = found the reward, S = sitting facing the direction of the arrow, L = lying facing the direction of the arrow.
