Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at baseline
| Demographic | |
| Age, years | 69.18 ± 7.61 |
| Female, % | 38.0 |
| Ethnic minority, % | 7.6 |
| Years of education | 14.29 ± 2.74 |
| BDI-II score | 5.34 ± 4.22 |
| MMSE score | 28.47 ± 1.67 |
| DRS-2 total score | 137.27 ± 5.27 |
| Vascular indices | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 129.52 ± 19.69 |
| Systolic blood pressure SD, mm Hg | 8.31 ± 5.73 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 67.21 ± 9.94 |
| Ejection fraction | 0.59 ± 0.12 |
| Cardiac output, l/min | 4.55 ± 1.05 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 0.20 ± 0.17 |
| BAR-reactive hyperemia, % change | 5.93 ± 5.87 |
| BAR nitroglycerine, % change | 14.87 ± 7.92 |
| Total brain volumea, cm3 | 1,762.04 ± 194.28 |
| Total WMHa, cm3 | 11.17 ± 18.68 |
| Total WMH percenta,b | 0.61 ± 0.99 |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | |
| Hypertension | 72.9 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16.9 |
| Heart failure | 20.7 |
| Myocardial infarction | 45.9 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 21.5 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 41.4 |
| Cigarette smoking | 52.7 |
| Heart valve surgery | 12.7 |
| CABG | 37.0 |
Values denote means ± SD unless indicated otherwise. BDI-II = Beck's Depression Inventory II; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; DRS-2 = Dementia Rating Scale, 2nd edition; BAR = brachial artery response; WMH = white matter hyperintensity.
a
MRI data were obtained from only 39 participants.
b
Total WMH percent computed as (total WMH volume/total brain volume) × 100.