Table 3.
Group differences at baseline: patients who completed the study versus those who withdrew
| Completers (n = 100) | Withdrawers (n = 72) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive composites | |||
| Language | 0.14 ± 0.80 | −0.16 ± 0.87 | 0.022 |
| Visuospatial | 0.15 ± 0.66 | −0.17 ± 0.80 | 0.005 |
| Memory | 0.08 ± 0.68 | −0.11 ± 0.66 | 0.068 |
| Attention-executive functions-psychomotor speed | 0.06 ± 0.55 | −0.07 ± 0.65 | 0.183 |
| Overall cognition | 0.11 ± 0.52 | −0.14 ± 0.56 | 0.004 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 69.05 ± 7.29 | 69.26 ± 7.83 | 0.857 |
| Female, % | 33.3 | 42.5 | 0.221 |
| Ethnic minority, % | 4.1 | 14.6 | 0.171 |
| Years of education | 14.81 ± 2.73 | 13.59 ± 2.56 | 0.004 |
| BDI-II | 5.12 ± 4.22 | 5.76 ± 4.30 | 0.435 |
| MMSE | 28.70 ± 1.45 | 28.16 ± 1.90 | 0.039 |
| DRS-2 total score | 137.88 ± 4.74 | 136.78 ± 5.07 | 0.142 |
| Vascular indices | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130.74 ± 18.18 | 127.77 ± 23.09 | 0.409 |
| Systolic blood pressure SD, mm Hg | 7.95 ± 4.57 | 8.88 ± 7.67 | 0.375 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 67.40 ± 8.79 | 67.13 ± 11.95 | 0.878 |
| Ejection fraction | 0.58 ± 0.11 | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.938 |
| Cardiac output, l/min | 4.53 ± 0.98 | 4.62 ± 1.17 | 0.650 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 0.16 ± 0.13 | 0.26 ± 0.20 | 0.001 |
| BAR-reactive hyperemia, % change | 5.75 ± 5.88 | 6.12 ± 6.17 | 0.793 |
| BAR nitroglycerine, % change | 14.61 ± 8.22 | 15.69 ± 7.65 | 0.595 |
| Total brain volumea, cm3 | 1,809.37 ± 170.37 | 1,663.73 ± 210.41 | 0.024 |
| Total WMHa, cm3 | 9.97 ± 13.02 | 13.66 ± 27.50 | 0.565 |
| Total WMH percenta,b | 0.54 ± 0.71 | 0.76 ± 1.43 | 0.516 |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | |||
| Hypertension | 73.7 | 74.0 | 0.972 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 15.6 | 20.4 | 0.479 |
| Heart failure | 16.5 | 26.8 | 0.145 |
| Myocardial infarction | 51.5 | 39.7 | 0.125 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 20.2 | 23.3 | 0.626 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 46.5 | 37.0 | 0.214 |
| Cigarette smoking | 53.7 | 51.2 | 0.792 |
| Heart valve surgery | 12.9 | 13.3 | 0.945 |
| CABG | 37.1 | 39.1 | 0.792 |
Values denote means ± SD unless specified otherwise. BDI-II = Beck's Depression Inventory II; BAR = brachial artery response.
a
MRI data were obtained from only 39 participants.
b
Total WMH percent computed as: (total WMH volume/total brain volume) × 100.