Table 2.
Effect of green tea polyphenols supplementation and Tai Chi exercise on blood chemistry in postmenopausal osteopenic women
| Treatment groups | P (ANOVA) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Placebo | GTP | Placebo+TC | GTP+TC | Time | Time × GTP | Time × TC | Time × GTP × TC |
| Serum AST, U/L (reference range: 10-35 U/L) | 0.431 | 0.678 | 0.599 | 0.437 | ||||
| Baseline | 19.8 ± 4.3 | 21.2 ± 6.3 | 21.2 ± 5.9 | 19.3 ± 4.3 | ||||
| 4 week | 19.8 ± 4.6 | 20.9 ± 4.8 | 21.4 ± 6.1 | 19.8 ± 4.5 | ||||
| 8 week | 20.5 ± 5.7 | 22.1 ± 6.7 | 21.4 ± 5.8 | 20.8 ± 5.8 | ||||
| 12 week | 19.9 ± 5.1 | 20.9 ± 5.8 | 22.1 ± 7.3 | 20.4 ± 5.1 | ||||
| 16 week | 19.8 ± 4.4 | 22.6 ± 7.4 | 20.9 ± 6.9 | 20.3 ± 5.1 | ||||
| 20 week | 19.3 ± 3.7 | 21.8 ± 6.9 | 22.7 ± 12.3 | 19.3 ± 3.5 | ||||
| 24 week | 19.3 ± 4.2 | 20.2 ± 6.2 | 21.1 ± 7.2 | 20.3 ± 6.1 | ||||
| Serum ALT, U/L (reference range: 6-60 U/L) | 0.454 | 0.955 | 0.893 | 0.235 | ||||
| Baseline | 16.9 ± 5.5 | 20.4 ± 10.1 | 19.0 ± 7.0 | 18.0 ± 6.9 | ||||
| 4 week | 16.9 ± 4.8 | 19.2 ± 7.9 | 19.5 ± 6.6 | 18.5 ± 7.2 | ||||
| 8 week | 17.4 ± 7.7 | 21.2 ± 10.9 | 20.4 ± 7.8 | 19.2 ± 9.9 | ||||
| 12 week | 17.1 ± 6.4 | 19.9 ± 8.2 | 19.2 ± 9.0 | 19.9 ± 9.1 | ||||
| 16 week | 17.1 ± 5.8 | 21.8 ± 11.7 | 19.7 ± 6.9 | 19.0 ± 8.1 | ||||
| 20 week | 16.6 ± 5.2 | 21.6 ± 11.3 | 20.3 ± 9.4 | 18.1 ± 5.0 | ||||
| 24 week | 16.9 ± 6.3 | 19.1 ± 9.9 | 18.5 ± 5.7 | 19.5 ± 10.2 | ||||
| Serum Bil, mg/dL (reference: 0.2-1.2 mg/dL) | 0.001 | 0.799 | 0.493 | 0.060 | ||||
| Baseline | 0.58 ± 0.19 | 0.55 ± 0.19 | 0.65 ± 0.25 | 0.64 ± 0.26 | ||||
| 4 week | 0.58 ± 0.23 | 0.59 ± 0.23 | 0.67 ± 0.27 | 0.63 ± 0.22 | ||||
| 8 week | 0.57 ± 0.17 | 0.57 ± 0.21 | 0.68 ± 0.28 | 0.59 ± 0.25 | ||||
| 12 week | 0.58 ± 0.16 | 0.53 ± 0.22 | 0.59 ± 0.30 | 0.60 ± 0.31 | ||||
| 16 week | 0.58 ± 0.18 | 0.54 ± 0.18 | 0.62 ± 0.23 | 0.55 ± 0.22 | ||||
| 20 week | 0.56 ± 0.21 | 0.56 ± 0.23 | 0.64 ± 0.28 | 0.57 ± 0.21 | ||||
| 24 week | 0.56 ± 0.20 | 0.54 ± 0.20 | 0.60 ± 0.17 | 0.56 ± 0.23 | ||||
| Serum ALP, U/L (reference range: 33-130 U/L) | < 0.001 | 0.925 | 0.149 | 0.438 | ||||
| Baseline | 75.3 ± 18.6 | 84.1 ± 19.9 | 81.6 ± 20.1 | 86.8 ± 25.2 | ||||
| 4 week | 77.1 ± 17.7 | 85.6 ± 20.5 | 81.5 ± 23.4 | 86.8 ± 23.1 | ||||
| 8 week | 75.2 ± 17.7 | 83.1 ± 22.9 | 85.2 ± 26.0 | 88.6 ± 25.4 | ||||
| 12 week | 75.1 ± 18.0 | 83.2 ± 19.3 | 82.9 ± 24.8 | 87.7 ± 24.2 | ||||
| 16 week | 71.6 ± 18.1 | 84.4 ± 22.2 | 80.8 ± 22.9 | 83.9 ± 21.1 | ||||
| 20 week | 74.7 ± 19.3 | 84.6 ± 20.7 | 83.4 ± 22.1 | 87.0 ± 22.6 | ||||
| 24 week | 72.3 ± 17.3 | 82.5 ± 20.3 | 80.9 ± 22.5 | 83.5 ± 20.7 | ||||
| Serum Crt, mg/dL (reference range: 0.5-1.3 mg/dL) | 0.001 | 0.230 | 0.605 | 0.884 | ||||
| Baseline | 0.80 ± 0.13 | 0.82 ± 0.11 | 0.78 ± 0.14 | 0.79 ± 0.09 | ||||
| 4 week | 0.82 ± 0.17 | 0.80 ± 0.10 | 0.79 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.10 | ||||
| 8 week | 0.80 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.80 ± 0.23 | 0.80 ± 0.11 | ||||
| 12 week | 0.82 ± 0.14 | 0.81 ± 0.11 | 0.80 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.10 | ||||
| 16 week | 0.81 ± 0.13 | 0.83 ± 0.10 | 0.79 ± 0.13 | 0.82 ± 0.10 | ||||
| 20 week | 0.82 ± 0.14 | 0.82 ± 0.11 | 0.81 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.11 | ||||
| 24 week | 0.79 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.11 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 0.79 ± 0.09 | ||||
| Serum BUN, mg/dL (reference range: 7-25 mg/dL) | 0.178 | 0.158 | 0.118 | 0.433 | ||||
| Baseline | 15.1 ± 3.1 | 15.8 ± 3.8 | 15.6 ± 4.1 | 15.6 ± 3.7 | ||||
| 4 week | 16.7 ± 4.9 | 15.8 ± 3.4 | 16.4 ± 4.3 | 15.6 ± 4.1 | ||||
| 8 week | 15.8 ± 3.8 | 14.7 ± 3.4 | 15.6 ± 3.7 | 15.6 ± 3.7 | ||||
| 12 week | 16.4 ± 3.4 | 15.4 ± 3.9 | 15.8 ± 4.6 | 15.2 ± 3.5 | ||||
| 16 week | 15.3 ± 3.6 | 15.9 ± 4.0 | 16.7 ± 3.6 | 15.9 ± 3.4 | ||||
| 20 week | 15.9 ± 3.7 | 16.4 ± 3.7 | 15.2 ± 3.5 | 15.3 ± 3.4 | ||||
| 24 week | 15.7 ± 3.7 | 15.7 ± 3.7 | 15.9 ± 5.1 | 15.3 ± 3.5 | ||||
| Serum Ca, mg/dL (reference range: 8.6-10.2 mg/dL) | 0.005 | 0.721 | 0.076 | 0.883 | ||||
| Baseline | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | ||||
| 4 week | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 8 week | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 12 week | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | ||||
| 16 week | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 20 week | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | ||||
| 24 week | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | ||||
| Serum Pi, mg/dL (reference range: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL) | 0.001 | 0.547 | 0.027 | 0.825 | ||||
| Baseline | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 4 week | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | ||||
| 8 week | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 12 week | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 16 week | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | ||||
| 20 week | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | ||||
| 24 week | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | ||||
GTP, green tea polyphenols; TC, Tai Chi; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Bil, total bilirubin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Crt, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca, calcium; Pi, inorganic phosphorus.