Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects categorized according to sex
| Characteristics | Men (N = 822) | Women (N = 1,097) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61 ± 14 | 63 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 3.0 | 23.4 ± 3.4 | 0.154 |
| Smoking status, % | 41.6/24.8/14.6/19.0 | 97.5/0.8/1.5/0.1 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, % | 14.6/28.5/34.3/22.6 | 64.6/30.0/4.9/0.5 | <0.001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, % | 9.9 | 6.8 | 0.011 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 ± 20 | 139 ± 23 | 0.064 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84 ± 11 | 80 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication, % | 24.7 | 25.6 | 0.343 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.08 (0.81-1.55) | 1.01 (0.75-1.39) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.53 ± 0.38 | 1.68 ± 0.40 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.86 ± 0.81 | 3.26 ± 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Antilipidemic medication, % | 3.9 | 6.7 | 0.005 |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 351 ± 83 | 265 ± 62 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.1 ± 17.0 | 80.2 ± 17.0 | 0.212 |
| Immuno-reactive insulin (mU/mL) | 4.7 (3.1-7.3) | 6.0 (4.1-8.7) | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.27 (4.94-5.77) | 5.11 (4.83-5.55) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.12 (0.70-1.86) | 1.39 (0.91-2.08) | <0.001 |
| Diabetic medication, % | 4.0 | 3.2 | 0.200 |
| HMW adiponectin (μg/mL) | 3.40 (2.01-5.34) | 6.68 (4.39-9.65) | <0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.520 (0.280-1.073) | 0.430 (0.220-0.870) | <0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 38 (25-68) | 20 (16-28) | <0.001 |
Data presented are mean ± standard deviation. HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HMW, high molecular weight; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase. Data for triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HMW adiponectin, hsCRP, and GGT were skewed and are presented as median (interquartile range) values, and were log-transformed for analysis. *P-value from Student's t-test for continuous variables or from χ2-test for categorical variables.