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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Oct 14;69(3):236–244. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.021

Figure 3.

Figure 3

5-HT turnover is increased in the dorsal raphe after protracted abstinence. 5-HT turnover, defined as the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, is shown. Chronic morphine treatment significantly increased 5-HT turnover in the prefrontal cortex (A), central amygdala (B) and hippocampus (C) but not in the dorsal raphe (D). After 4 weeks of abstinence, 5-HT turnover was increased specifically in the dorsal raphe. Values represent mean ± sem. **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 morphine versus saline controls. (n=5-6/group).