. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 5.

Published in final edited form as: Nutr Cancer. 2006;54(1):33–46. doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_5

Table 2.

Effects of Freeze-Dried STRWs, BRBs, and BBs on NMBA-Induced Rat Esophageal Tumorigenesis When Administered in the Diet Before, During, and After NMBA Treatment^a

Treatment	Rats (n)	Tumor Incidence (% inhibition)	Tumor Multiplicity (% inhibition)
Vehicle control	15	0	0.0
10% STRWs	15	0	0.0
NMBA control	15	100	4.1 ± 0.2
NMBA + 5% STRWs	15	100	3.1 ± 1.0 (24)^b
NMBA + 10% STRWs	15	80 (20)	1.8 ± 1.4 (56)^b
Vehicle control	15	0	0.0
10% BRBs	14	0	0.0
NMBA control	13	100	3.2 ± 0.3
NMBA + 5% BRBs	14	79 (21)	1.9 ± 0.4 (41)^b
NMBA + 10% BRBs	13	92 (8)	1.6 ± 0.3 (50)^b
Vehicle control	10	0	0.0
10% BBs	10	0	0.0
NMBA control	17	82	2.8 ± 0.6
NMBA + 5% BBs	20	75 (8)	1.5 ± 0.4 (46)^b
NMBA + 10% BBs	18	70 (15)	2.3 ± 0.5 (18)

Abbreviations are as follows: STRWs, strawberries; BRBs, black raspberries; BBs, blackberries; NMBA, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine.

Statistically significant relative to NMBA controls (P < 0.05). STRW data are taken from Ref. 31 and BRB data are from Ref. 32.