Table 1.

Height measurement (in cm) of the patient's abdominal wall in relation to body height and elbow angle of the probands as well as insertion angles and types of the instrument handles.

		Insertion Angles
		Volunteer 50 percentile			Volunteer 95 percentile
Elbow Angles	Handles	20°	30°	40°	20°	30°	40°
90°	Shank handle	96	91	86.5	103	100	95
	Pistol handle	94.5	90	82	101	95	91
	Axial handle	92.5	84	79.5	93.5	89.5	81
	Rod handle	97	91	87	103.5	98	94
120°	Shank handle	89.5	88	84	95.5	90	85.5
	Pistol handle	88.5	83	78	91	87	84.5
	Axial handle	78.5	74.5	70	87	82	76
	Rod handle	94.5	87	84	94.5	92	86