Table 1.
Grading of gastrointestinal neoplasia
| Normal | Low-grade mucosal/intraepithelial neoplasia (LGMN) | High-grade mucosal/intraepithelial neoplasia (HGMN) | Invasive cancer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glands | Non-branching | Villous | Branching, cribriform, irregular, solid | Branching, cribriform, irregular, solid |
| Expansion | Up/down | Till surface | Till surface | Lateral expansion |
| Epithelial differentation | Up/down | Top–down and exceptional down–top | No maturation towards surface | |
| Goblet cells | + + | + | −/+ Retronuclear, atypic | |
| Nuclear rows | 1 | 2–3 | 2–5 | Changing |
| Nuclear size | Small, basal | Palisading | Enlarged | Vesicular |
| Chromatin | Few | + | + + | + +/+ + + |
| Nucleoli | None | None | Few small | Several/prominent |