Table 1.
Description of the municipalities studied and the areas of protected nature within their boundaries
| Name of the municipality | Lipnica Wielka | Jabłonka | Cisna | Komańcza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Orawa | Orawa | Bieszczady | Bieszczady |
| Province | Małopolskie | Malopolskie | Podkarpackie | Podkarpackie |
| Nature area | Babia Góra (PLB120011; PLH120001) |
Czarna Orawa (PLH120002) Orawa and Nowy Targ Peat Bogs (PLB120007; PLH120016) |
Bieszczady (PLC180001) | Bieszczady (PLC180001) |
| Population | 5,685 | 17,031 | 1,679 | 5,134 |
| Area | 67.5 km² (49% farm & 48% forest use) | 213.28 km² | 286.89 km², (5% farm & 87% forest use) | 455.18 km² (23% farm & 69% forest use) |
| (60% farm & 34% forest use) | ||||
| Unemployment rate (%) | 4.10 | 4.50 | 18.10 | 7.40 |
| Environmental description of the Natura 2000 site |
18 types of habitats with forest communities & high mountain grassland; dwarf mountain pine; 924 vascular plants species (rare, threatened or already protected), rich (ca. 2500 species) invertebrate fauna; very important area for birds; Threats to the area: transfrontier air pollution, dumping of waste from homesteads |
Czarna Orawa A need to protect rare fish species habitats; one of two in Poland natural sites of the Danube salmon; important vegetation on the streams embankments, riparian forests; Threats to the area: sewage, collection of stones & gravel from the stream bed Orawa-Nowy Targ Peat Bog Valuable peat bogs, marsh forests, meadows & riparian habitats; The most important habitats: Myricaria & willow thicket on the stony embankments of streams, high peat bogs, marshy coniferous forests & riparian forests; rich fauna: bears, wolves, otters, Yellow-bellied toads, Great Crested Newts & Carpathian Newts. Threats to the peat: General lack of water, illegal extraction by locals, water pollution & drainage. Plans to build a sewage treatment plant. |
29 protected species & 21 types of habitats; 1100 vascular plant species (many rare, threatened & legally protected); valuable forest communities, e.i. Carpathian beech, sycamore & unique to Poland mountain pasture communities. 38 bird species named in the Directive & 13 in the Polish Red Book; Important terrain for nesting (ca. 150 species) & hatching (area occupied by 1% of the national population of many important species, i.e.: the black stork, the White-backed woodpecker, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Golden Eagle, Eagle Owl); rich forest fauna: bears, wolves, lynxes; strong populations of otters, the Aeskulapian snake. |
|
| Other forms of nature protection within the municipality (date of creation) | Babia Góra National Park (1954) and the Babia Góra Biosphere reserve (1977) | Bieszczadzki National Park (1973) | ||
| San Valley Landscape Park (1992) | ||||
| “Bembeńskie” Forest Reserve (2001) | Transborder Part of the Biosphere Reserve Eastern Carpathians (1992) | |||
| “Na Policy” Reserve (1972) | Cisna-Wetlina Landscape Park (1992) | |||
| The whole municipality is a Protected landscape Area* | Sine Wiry Reserve (1988r.) | Jaśliski Landscape Park (1992); | ||
| “Olszyna łęgowa w Kalnicy” Reserve (1971) | “Zwięzło” Reserve- Duszatyn Lakes (1957); “Przełom Osławy pod Duszatynem” Reserve (2000) | |||