Table 4.
ANOVA statistics included post hoc IQ adjustments for tests of executive functions. The statistics F, p, and ηp2 presented for ANOVAs without IQ adjustments. On working memory tests, higher scores reflect better results, whereas on Conners' CPT II, higher scores reflect poorer results.
| Test and measured function | N | F | p | ηp2 | Post hoc test | Post hoc adjusted for IQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measures of working memory | Control:18 ADHD-psych: 20 ADHD-prison: 30 |
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| Digit Span | 21.29 | < .001 | .396 | C>Psych > Prison | C > Psych = Prison | |
| Span Board | 24.88 | < .001 | .434 | C>Psych > Prison | C > Psych = Prison | |
| Conners' CPT II | Control:18 ADHD-psych: 20 ADHD-prison: 27 |
|||||
| CCPT reaction time | ||||||
| Hit RT | .48 | .617 | .015 | C = Psych = Prison | C = Psych = Prison | |
| CCPT variability | ||||||
| Variability | 26.38 | < .001 | .460 | C = Psych < Prison | C = Psych < Prison | |
| Hit RT block change | .29 | .749 | .009 | C = Psych = Prison | C = Psych = Prison | |
| Hit SE block change | .165 | .848 | .005 | C = Psych = Prison | C = Psych = Prison | |
| Hit RT ISI change | 1.22 | .302 | .038 | C = Psych = Prison | C = Psych = Prison | |
| Hit SE ISI change | .662 | .519 | .021 | C = Psych = Prison | C = Psych = Prison | |
| Perseverations | 8.66 | < .001 | .218 | C = Psych < Prison | C = Psych < Prison | |
| CCPT accuracy | ||||||
| Omission errors | 16.23 | < .001 | .344 | C = Psych < Prison | C = Psych < Prison | |
| Commission errors | 12.61 | < .001 | .289 | C = Psych < Prison | C = Psych < Prison | |
| Detectability (d') | 9.21 | < .001 | .229 | C < Prison Psych = C Psych = Prison |
C < Prison Psych = C Psych = Prison |
|
| Response style (beta) | 4.27 | .018 | .121 | Psych < Prison Psych = C Prison = C |
Psych < Prison Psych = C Prison = C |
|
Note: CCPT = Conners' Continuous Performance Test; RT = reaction time; SE = standard error; ISI = interstimulus interval; N/A = not applicable