Table 2. Chemical and toxic data for the simulated pyrethroids.

Parameter (unit)	Bifenthrin	λ-cyhalothrin	Esfenvalerate	Permethrin
Molecular weight (g/mol)	422.9	449.85	419.9	391.3
Octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW, L/kg)	2.00E+07	7.94E+06	1.74E+06	1.26E+06
Vapor pressure (Pa)	1.78E−05	2.00E−07	1.20E−09	2.00E−06
Henry's law constant (Pa*m3/mol)	7.74E−05	2.00E−02	4.90E−04	1.89E−01
Organic-carbon normalized partition coefficient (L/kg)	2.37E+05	1.57E+05	5300	1.00E+05
Half-life (day)
in soil	85	25	44	42
in water	8	8	30	23
in sediment	251	12	71	40
Method detection limit (ng/g)
in Domagalski et al. [29]	2.2	2.4	2.1	1.0
in Ensminger et al. [30]	0.5	2.0	1.0	2.0
10-day LC50 (ng/g)	5.2	4.5	15.4	108

Notes:

[1] LC50  =  median lethal concentration for Hyalella azteca in sediment containing 1% organic carbon.

[2] Data sources: physicochemical properties and reaction half-lives were retrieved from FOOTPRINT pesticide properties database [35]. Method detection limits were taken from the respective studies. LC50 values were compiled by Domagalski et al. [29] from the literature.