Table 2.
Estimates (± standard errors) of divergence times (MY) of various organisms from the human lineage
| Method | Rats | Chicken | Drosophila | Nematodes | Fungi | Plants | Protists | Eubacteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IP approach | ||||||||
| PC gamma | 124 ± 28 | 310 | 962 ± 132 | 1,225 ± 211 | 1,768 ± 311 | 1,715 ± 257 | 2,282 ± 557 | 3,557 ± 649 |
| CD approach | ||||||||
| d1 (ā = 1.53) | 113 ± 38 | 310 | 745 ± 196 | 930 ± 274 | 1,229 ± 402 | 1,343 ± 394 | 1,578 ± 485 | 2,600 ± 568 |
| d2 (ā = 1.53) | 128 ± 38 | 310 | 798 ± 121 | 951 ± 168 | 1,372 ± 275 | 1,372 ± 272 | 1,707 ± 379 | 3,000 ± 476 |
| d3 (a = 1.24) | 120 ± 36 | 310 | 833 ± 114 | 970 ± 160 | 1,392 ± 256 | 1,392 ± 252 | 1,717 ± 349 | 3,036 ± 470 |
| d3 (a = 0.54) | 115 ± 35 | 310 | 931 ± 153 | 1,115 ± 229 | 1,740 ± 422 | 1,740 ± 424 | 2,276 ± 667 | 5,010 ± 1,060 |
| dL (a = 0.50) | 62 ± 10 | 310 | 798 ± 274 | 881 ± 354 | 1,779 ± 651 | 1,557 ± 970 | 1,834 ± 1,034 | 6,468 ± 5045 |
d1, unweighted average PC gamma; d2, average PC gamma weighted with sequence length; d3, multiprotein gamma; dL, Lynch's distance. The divergence time (310 MY) between mammals and birds was used as the calibration point. Evolutionary relationships among animals, fungi, and plants varied with distance measure.