Table 3.
Major complications of radiofrequency ablation
| Classification of complications | Percutaneous RFA (n = 69) | Surgical RFA (n = 93) | P value |
| Grade I | |||
| Analgesics requirement | 17 | 58 | 0.000 |
| Fever above 38.5°C | 23 | 45 | 0.055 |
| Grade II | |||
| Ascites | 4 | 11 | 0.190 |
| Persistent jaundice | 2 | 0 | 0.315 |
| Gastric hemorrhage | 0 | 3 | 0.132 |
| Grade III | |||
| Hydrothorax requiring drainage | 5 | 9 | 0.586 |
| Skin burn | 1 | 0 | 0.244 |
| Encapsulated effusion needing drainage | 3 | 1 | 0.184 |
| Grade IV | |||
| Partial hepatic infarction | 1 | 3 | 0.471 |
| Gastric perforation | 1 | 0 | 0.244 |
| Bile duct injury | 5 | 1 | 0.040 |
| Procedure-related hemorrhage | 6 | 1 | 0.018 |
| Malignant seeding | 2 | 0 | 0.315 |
RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.