. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 6.

Published in final edited form as: Pharm Res. 2010 Mar 16;27(6):1138–1145. doi: 10.1007/s11095-010-0102-1

Table II.

Effect of Different Berry Types on NMBA-Induced Esophageal Tumors in F-344 Rats When Administered at 5% of the Diet

Grp	Diet	NMBA (0.3mg/kg/inj)	Tumor incidence (%)	Tumor multiplicity (Mean±SE)	Tumor size (mm³) (Mean±SE)
1	AIN-76A control diet	−	0	0	0
2	AIN-76A	+	95	2.15±0.41	11.69±5.07
3	AIN-76A + 5% BRBs	+	60^a	1.07±0.28^b	7.50±2.46
4	AIN-76A + 5% BBs	+	63^a	1.00±0.32^b	9.21±7.01
5	AIN-76A + 5% STRWs	+	75^a	1.25±0.32^b	8.58±3.46
6	AIN-76A + 5% RRBs (WGO2)	+	75^a	1.19±0.28^b	6.72±1.85
7	AIN-76A + 5% RRBs (Meeker)	+	63^a	0.88±0.27^b	9.07±3.86
8	AIN-76A + 5% noni	+	60^a	1.10±0.41^b	7.93±3.21
9	AIN-76A + 5% wolfberry	+	63^a	0.94±0.27^b	5.73±1.24
10	AIN-76A + 5% açaí	+	75^a	1.19±0.25^b	5.26±2.15

BRBs, black raspberries; BBs, blueberries; STRWs, strawberries; RRBs, red raspberries

Significantly lower than Group 2 (NMBA only) as determined by χ2 test (P<0.05)

Significantly lower than Group 2 (NMBA only) as determined by analysis of variance (P<0.05)