Table 1.
Population characteristics in the Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) and standard non-PITC groups in rural southern Zambia, 2008
| Standard Non-PITC Group |
PITC Group |
Total | p-valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%), unless otherwise indicated | (n=540) | (n=681) | (n=1221) | |
| Female Sex | 323 (60%) | 552 (81%) | 875 (72%) | <0.01 |
| Age in years (IQR) | 28 (22, 38)a | 30 (23, 38) | 30 (22, 38) | 0.27 |
| Clinic Site | <0.01 | |||
| Kanchindu | 258 (48%) | 166 (24%) | 424 (35%) | |
| Mboole | 65 (12%) | 91 (13%) | 156 (13%) | |
| Simpweze | 116 (22%) | 304 (45%) | 420 (34%) | |
| Zyangale | 101 (19%) | 120 (18%) | 221 (18%) | |
| Education: None or some primaryb | 52 (37%) | 71 (44%) | 123 (41%) | 0.23 |
| Marital Status | 0.43 | |||
| Single | 20 (16%) | 18 (12%) | 38 (14%) | |
| Unmarried, in a relationship | 17 (13%) | 26 (18%) | 43 (16%) | |
| Married | 84 (66%) | 99 (67%) | 183 (67%) | |
| Widowed | 7 (5.5%) | 4 (3%) | 11 (4%) | |
| Number of wives | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 1.8) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.81 |
| Number of sexual partners | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.72 |
| Travel time to nearest clinic (min) | 60 (30, 120) | 60 (43.8, 120) | 60 (30, 120) | 0.40 |
| Clinic visits in last 12 months, Noned | 35 (25%) | 34 (23%) | 69 (24%) | 0.82 |
| Never previously tested for HIVe | 62 (44%) | 79 (49%) | 141 (47%) | 0.44 |
| Time since last HIV test | 0.29 | |||
| < 12 months ago | 16 (30%) | 27 (43%) | 43 (37%) | |
| 12-24 months ago | 23 (43%) | 24 (38%) | 47 (40%) | |
| > 24 months ago | 15 (28%) | 12 (19%) | 27 (23%) | |
| Little or no knowledge of HIV and testingf | 55 (39%) | 54 (33%) | 109 (36%) | 0.33 |
| No Stigma towards PLWHAg | 63 (44%) | 72 (44%) | 135 (44%) | 0.99 |
| Personally Favorable toward PITCh | 100 (98%) | 108 (95%) | 208 (96%) | 0.36 |
| Partner seen as favorable toward PITCh | 98 (90%) | 106 (82%) | 204 (86%) | 0.13 |
Continuous variables are reported as medians (interquartile range).
Percentages are computed using the number of survey respondents with a non-missing value.
To compare the distribution of study characteristics by testing group, we employ chi-square tests. Similarly, we use a two-sample rank sum test for continuous variables by testing group.
p-value for No clinic visits vs. One or more clinic visits in past 12 months.
p-value for Never tested vs. previously tested for HIV.
p-value for No vs. Partial or full knowledge of HIV.
PLWHA means persons living with HIV or AIDS. p-value for No stigma vs. Partial or high stigma.
PITC means provider-initiated testing and counseling. p-value for Very or somewhat in favor of PITC vs. Very or somewhat opposed.