Table 3.
Associations of active ingredients (NCEs) with burden of disease (as measured by disability-adjusted life years and mortality) by region and country.
| Mortality | DALYs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient ρ | p-value | Coefficient ρ | p-value | |
| Worldwide | .417 | .076 | .490* | .033 |
| High-income | .485* | .035 | .606** | .006 |
| Low- and middle-income | .413 | .079 | .497* | .030 |
| EU-25 | .449 | .054 | .619** | .005 |
| EU-15 | .492* | .032 | .603** | .006 |
| Austria | .491* | .033 | .619** | .005 |
| Belgium | .554* | .014 | .637** | .003 |
| Denmark | .441 | .059 | .562** | .012 |
| Finland | .334 | .162 | .376 | .113 |
| France | .555* | .014 | .612** | .005 |
| Germany | .455 | .050 | .657** | .002 |
| Greece | .495* | .031 | .610** | .006 |
| Ireland | .484* | .036 | .504* | .028 |
| Italy | .455* | .558 | .641** | .003 |
| Luxembourg | .558* | .013 | .585** | .008 |
| Netherlands | .483* | .036 | .534* | .018 |
| Portugal | .476* | .039 | .663** | .002 |
| Spain | .518* | .023 | .620** | .005 |
| Sweden | .452 | .052 | .550* | .015 |
| United Kingdom | .476* | .039 | .564* | .012 |
| EU-10 | .304 | .206 | .499* | .030 |
| Cyprus | .425 | .070 | .627** | .004 |
| Czech Republic | .337 | .159 | .487* | .035 |
| Estonia | .316 | .188 | .475* | .040 |
| Hungary | .373 | .116 | .501* | .029 |
| Latvia | .248 | .306 | .513* | .025 |
| Lithuania | .207 | .394 | .404 | .086 |
| Malta | .328 | .171 | .578** | .010 |
| Poland | .304 | .206 | .571* | .011 |
| Slovakia | .326 | .173 | .547* | .015 |
| Slovenia | .344 | .149 | .492* | .032 |
*p-value < .05 (bilateral); ** p-value < 0.01 (bilateral).
EU-25 = all 25 EU countries in 2004. EU-15 = established EU countries. EU-10 = 10 newly joined EU countries. Data represent Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (ρ). DALYs = disability-adjusted life years.