Table 2.

Univariable analysis of change in health-related quality of life scores in each NEI-VFQ-25 domain between 1995–96 and 2005–07.

	Composite	OH	GV	OP	NA	DA
Age, per 1 year	−0.08	−0.28*	0.09	−0.19**	−0.02	−0.16
Sex, vs. female	0.24	−2.76	2.31	−0.81	−0.56	1.33
Education, per 1 year	0.16	0.03	0.33	−0.12	0.23	−0.07
Employment, vs. Full/part-time job
Retired	−2.85	−8.06	−0.08	−4.08	−2.20	−2.31
Not working	−6.28**	−5.20	−0.46	1.23	−6.54**	−6.87**
Other	−0.33	−2.46	−2.96	−0.36	1.26	0.23
Marriage, vs. no change
Got partner	1.36	−0.55	1.79	1.23	3.87	2.17
Lost partner	1.43	−2.28	0.07	3.64	2.79	1.46
Smoking, per 1 packyear	0.06	−0.01	−0.06	0.07	−0.04	−0.01
Alcohol consumption per 1oz/day	2.17	−2.07	0.71	0.07	2.15	2.49
Glycosylated Hb, per 1 unit %	0.90	−0.05	−0.31	1.34**	0.90	1.18**
Diabetes duration, per 1 year	−0.05	−0.30*	0.14	−0.22*	−0.04	−0.02
Hypoglycemia, vs. no change
Less events	2.07	−0.81	0.19	0.60	1.54	1.91
More events	0.74	−0.49	1.83	1.15	0.93	1.77
Nephropathy, vs. no	−2.43**	−0.09	−2.04	−2.61*	−2.42	−1.78
Neuropathy, vs. no	−2.77**	−4.49*	−1.78	−2.72*	−2.57	−3.36*
Amputation, vs. no	−0.55	−4.90	−4.29	−3.03	−1.46	0.50
Cardiovascular, vs. no	−2.48*	−0.87	1.14	−1.46	−3.26*	−3.32*
Visual acuity, per 3-line decrease	−7.22**	3.03	−5.35**	−3.20**	−8.00**	−8.67**
Diabetic retinopathy, vs. no change
Improvement	0.80	−0.43	−1.07	0.30	0.66	1.45
Progression	0.29	−3.85	−0.99	−1.05	0.27	−0.68

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

(−) sign means decrease in 1 score unit in domain change

NEI-VFQ-25: National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire

Composite: VFQ-25 composite score; OH: overall health; GV: general vision; OP: ocular pain; NA: near activities; DA: distance activities